Information on pigmentation treatment
Skin spots are not a single condition. Melasma, sun spots (solar lentigines) and pigmentation after acne or other inflammation (post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation) have different causes and different treatment approaches. Some pigmented lesions may be moles or skin cancer, so the type of spot must be determined by examination before treatment.
Melasma
Melasma is a frequently recurring pigment disorder linked to sunlight, hormones and genetic predisposition. Treatment is based on sun protection and topical medicines prescribed by a physician. Oral or topical tranexamic acid, chemical peels and some laser procedures may be considered in selected people. Network meta-analyses report that some combinations may be effective; however, melasma often recurs and lasers can darken it in some people.
Sun spots and post-inflammatory pigmentation
Laser and light-based methods may be considered for sun spots. For post-inflammatory pigmentation, active acne or underlying inflammation must be controlled first; some of these spots fade on their own over time.
Treatment details
Duration: About 20–45 minutes depending on the method.
Who it is for: Adults with melasma, sun spots or post-inflammatory pigmentation whose pigmentation type has been identified at the examination.
Number of sessions: Peels or laser treatments usually 3–6 sessions, 2–4 weeks apart; topical treatment may continue for months. The final plan is set by the physician after the examination.
Possible risks
Depending on the method, redness, crusting, irritation, temporary darkening or lightening, infection and rarely scarring may occur. The risk of pigment change may be higher in darker skin.
Who may not be suitable?
Pregnancy and breastfeeding, active skin infection, recent intense sun exposure and photosensitizing medicines are assessed separately.
Frequently asked questions
Will the spots go away completely?
It depends on the type. Melasma can be controlled but may recur; complete and permanent clearance cannot be guaranteed.
Why is sunscreen so important?
Sunlight is a key factor in the formation and recurrence of spots; regular sun protection is part of every plan.
Is laser suitable for every spot?
No. In melasma especially, laser can worsen pigmentation in some people; the method depends on the spot type and skin type.
This text is intended for general information and is not personalized diagnostic or treatment advice. Eligibility is determined after a medical history and examination. Outcomes may vary from person to person; a specific result cannot be guaranteed.
References
- Liu Y, et al. Comparison of the Efficacy of Melasma Treatments: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021. PMID: 34660626.
- Ma W, et al. Efficacy and safety of laser-related therapy for melasma: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2023. PMID: 37737021.
- Liang R, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid for melasma by different administration methods: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2024. PMID: 38059683.
